{"id":3884,"date":"2022-02-15T15:12:33","date_gmt":"2022-02-15T13:12:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/?p=3884"},"modified":"2022-02-15T15:12:33","modified_gmt":"2022-02-15T13:12:33","slug":"masini-electrice-istoria-vehiculelor-hibride","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/masini-electrice-istoria-vehiculelor-hibride\/","title":{"rendered":"Istoria vehiculelor hibride"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\"Ma\u0219iniMa\u0219ini electrice
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

1665 \u2013 1825<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00centre 1665 \u0219i 1680, preotul \u0219i astronomul iezuit flamand Ferdinand Verbiest a creat planuri pentru o \u201ema\u0219in\u0103\u201d cu abur f\u0103r\u0103 pilot \u00een miniatur\u0103, cu patru ro\u021bi, pentru \u00eemp\u0103ratul chinez Khang Hsi.\u00a0\u00cen 1769, francezul Nicholas Cugnot a construit un c\u0103rucior cu motor alimentat cu abur capabil de \u0219ase mile pe or\u0103.\u00a0\u00cen 1825, inventatorul britanic Goldsworthy Gurney a construit o ma\u0219in\u0103 cu abur care a finalizat cu succes o c\u0103l\u0103torie dus-\u00eentors de 130 km \u00een zece h.\u00a0(Vapoarele cu aburi au dominat peisajul auto p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea.)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1839<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Robert Anderson din Aberdeen, Sco\u021bia, a construit primul vehicul electric.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1870<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Sir David Salomon a dezvoltat o ma\u0219in\u0103 cu un motor electric u\u0219or \u0219i baterii de stocare foarte grele.\u00a0Viteza de conducere \u0219i autonomia au fost slabe.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1886<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00cenregistr\u0103rile istorice indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 \u00een Anglia a fost introdus un taxi alimentat electric, folosind o baterie cu 28 de celule \u0219i un mic motor electric.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1888<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Immisch & Company a construit un vagon cu patru pasageri alimentat de un motor de un cal putere \u0219i o baterie de 24 de celule, pentru sultanul Imperiului Otoman.\u00a0\u00cen acela\u0219i an, Magnus Volk din Brighton, Anglia, a realizat o ma\u0219in\u0103 electric\u0103 cu trei ro\u021bi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1890 \u2013 1910<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Perioada de \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021biri semnificative \u00een tehnologia bateriilor, \u00een special cu dezvoltarea bateriei moderne plumb-acid de H. Tudor \u0219i a bateriei nichel-fier de c\u0103tre Edison \u0219i Junger.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1897<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Compania London Electric Cab a \u00eenceput serviciul regulat folosind ma\u0219ini proiectate de Walter Bersey.\u00a0Bersey Cab, care folosea o baterie de 40 de celule \u0219i un motor electric de 3 CP, putea fi condus 80 km \u00eentre \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103ri.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1897<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Compania Pope Manufacturing din Hartford, Connecticut, a construit aproximativ 500 de ma\u0219ini electrice pe o perioad\u0103 de doi ani.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1898<\/b><\/span><\/span> Dr. austriac Ferdinand Porsche la 23 de ani a construit prima sa ma\u0219in\u0103, Lohner Electric Chaise.\u00a0A fost primul autoturism cu trac\u021biune fa\u021b\u0103 din lume.\u00a0A doua ma\u0219in\u0103 a lui Porsche a fost un hibrid care folosea un motor cu ardere intern\u0103 pentru a \u00eenv\u00e2rti un generator care furniza energie motoarelor electrice situate \u00een butucii ro\u021bilor.\u00a0Doar cu bateria ma\u0219ina putea parcurge aproape 65 km.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1898<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Electric Carriage and Wagon Company din New York City avea o flot\u0103 de dou\u0103sprezece cabine electrice robuste \u0219i elegante.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1899<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Pope Manufacturing Company a fuzionat cu dou\u0103 companii mai mici de ma\u0219ini electrice pentru a forma Electric Vehicle Company, prima opera\u021biune la scar\u0103 larg\u0103 din industria auto american\u0103.\u00a0Compania avea active 200 milioane de dolari.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La Salonul de la Paris, au ap\u0103rut doi hibrizi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1900 de<\/span><\/span>\u00a0companii auto americane au produs 1.681 de ma\u0219ini cu abur, 1.575 electrice \u0219i 936 pe benzin\u0103.\u00a0\u00centr-un sondaj realizat la primul Salon Na\u021bional de Automobile din New York City, clien\u021bii au preferat electricitatea ca prima lor alegere, urmat\u0103 \u00eendeaproape de cele pe abur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1900<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Un produc\u0103tor auto belgian, Pieper, a introdus o \u201evoiturette\u201d de 3-1\/2 CP \u00een care micul motor pe benzin\u0103 era cuplat la un motor electric sub scaun.\u00a0C\u00e2nd ma\u0219ina \u201e\u00eenc\u0103rca\u201d, motorul ei electric era un generator care re\u00eenc\u0103rca bateriile.\u00a0Dar c\u00e2nd ma\u0219ina urca o pant\u0103, motorul electric montat coaxial cu motorul pe benzin\u0103 \u00eei d\u0103dea un impuls pentru a putea urca panta.\u00a0Brevetele Pieper au fost folosite de o firm\u0103 belgian\u0103, Auto-Mixte, pentru a construi vehicule comerciale din 1906 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1912.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1902<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Un autoturism hibrid de serie a concurat \u00eempotriva ma\u0219inilor alimentate cu abur \u0219i pe gaz \u00eentr-un test de fiabilitate de la New York la Boston.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1904<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Compania de vehicule electrice a construit 2000 de taxiuri, camioane \u0219i autobuze \u0219i a \u00eenfiin\u021bat companii subsidiare de \u00eenchiriere de cabine \u0219i ma\u0219ini de la New York la Chicago.\u00a0Companiile mai mici reprezent\u00e2nd aproximativ 57 de fabrici auto au produs aproximativ 4000 de ma\u0219ini.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1904<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Henry Ford a dep\u0103\u0219it provoc\u0103rile prezentate de ma\u0219inile pe benzin\u0103 – zgomot, vibra\u021bii \u0219i mirosuri – \u0219i a \u00eenceput produc\u021bia pe linia de asamblare a vehiculelor cu pre\u021b redus, u\u0219oare \u0219i pe benzin\u0103.\u00a0\u00cen c\u00e2\u021biva ani, compania de vehicule electrice a e\u0219uat.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1905<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Un inginer american pe nume H. Piper a depus un brevet pentru un vehicul hibrid pe benzin\u0103-electric.\u00a0Ideea lui a fost s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 un motor electric pentru a ajuta un motor cu ardere intern\u0103, permi\u021b\u00e2ndu-i s\u0103 ating\u010340 km\/h.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1905<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0The Woods Interurban, o ma\u0219in\u0103 electric\u0103 care le-a permis \u0219oferilor de pe distan\u021be lungi s\u0103 schimbe unitatea electric\u0103 cu un motor pe benzin\u0103 cu doi cilindri, nu a reu\u0219it s\u0103 atrag\u0103 mai mult de 50 de clien\u021bi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1910<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Commercial a construit un camion hibrid care folosea un motor cu patru cilindri pe benzin\u0103 pentru a alimenta un generator, elimin\u00e2nd nevoia at\u00e2t de transmisie, c\u00e2t \u0219i de acumulator.\u00a0Acest hibrid a fost construit \u00een Philadelphia p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1918.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1913<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Odat\u0103 cu apari\u021bia sistemului de pornire automat\u0103 (care faciliteaz\u0103 pornirea motoarelor pe benzin\u0103 pentru to\u021bi \u0219oferii), ma\u0219inile cu aburi \u0219i electricele au fost aproape complet eliminate.\u00a0\u00cen acest an, v\u00e2nz\u0103rile de ma\u0219ini electrice au sc\u0103zut la 6.000 de vehicule, \u00een timp ce Ford Model T a v\u00e2ndut 182.809 de ma\u0219ini pe benzin\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1916<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Doi produc\u0103tori importan\u021bi de vehicule electrice \u2013 Baker of Cleveland \u0219i Woods of Chicago \u2013 au oferit ma\u0219ini hibride.\u00a0Woods a sus\u021binut c\u0103 hibridul lor a atins o vitez\u0103 maxim\u0103 de 60 km\/h.\u00a0Woods Dual Power a fost mai scump \u0219i mai pu\u021bin puternic dec\u00e2t concuren\u021ba pe benzin\u0103 \u0219i, prin urmare, s-a v\u00e2ndut slab.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1920 \u2013 1965<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Perioada de repaus pentru ma\u0219inile electrice \u0219i hibride produse \u00een serie.<\/span><\/span> 1966<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Congresul SUA a introdus primele proiecte de lege care recomand\u0103 utilizarea vehiculelor electrice ca mijloc de reducere a polu\u0103rii aerului.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1968 \u2013 1971<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Trei oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 care lucreaz\u0103 la TRW, un important furnizor de automobile, au creat un sistem de propulsie hibrid practic.\u00a0Dr. Baruch Berman, Dr. George H. Gelb \u0219i Dr. Neal A. Richardson au dezvoltat, demonstrat \u0219i brevetat sistemul – desemnat ca o transmisie electromecanic\u0103 (EMT) care ofer\u0103 performan\u021be rapide ale vehiculului cu un motor mai mic dec\u00e2t cel cerut de un motor conven\u021bional cu ardere intern\u0103. Multe dintre conceptele de inginerie \u00eencorporate \u00een acel sistem sunt folosite \u00een hibrizii de ast\u0103zi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1969<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0GM 512, o ma\u0219in\u0103 hibrid\u0103 experimental\u0103 foarte u\u0219oar\u0103, a func\u021bionat \u00een \u00eentregime cu energie electric\u0103 la o vitez\u0103 de 16 km\/h.\u00a0De la 16 la 20 km\/h, a func\u021bionat cu o combina\u021bie de baterii \u0219i motorul s\u0103u pe benzin\u0103 cu doi cilindri.\u00a0Peste 20 km\/h, GM 512 a func\u021bionat pe benzin\u0103.\u00a0Putea atinge doar 65 de km\/h.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anii 1970<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Odat\u0103 cu embargoul arab al petrolului din 1973, pre\u021bul benzinei a crescut, cre\u00e2nd un nou interes pentru vehiculele electrice.\u00a0Departamentul de Energie al SUA a efectuat teste pe multe vehicule electrice \u0219i hibride produse de diver\u0219i produc\u0103tori, inclusiv un hibrid cunoscut sub numele de \u201eTaxi VW\u201d produs de Volkswagen \u00een Wolfsburg, Germania de Vest.\u00a0Taxi, care a folosit o configura\u021bie hibrid\u0103 paralel\u0103, permite comutarea flexibil\u0103 \u00eentre motorul pe benzin\u0103 \u0219i motorul electric, a parcurs peste 12.000 de km pe \u0219osele \u0219i a fost prezentat la expozi\u021biile auto din Europa \u0219i Statele Unite.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1974<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Ca parte a Programului federal de stimulare a ma\u0219inilor curate, inginerii Victor Wouk \u0219i Charlie Rosen au creat un prototip de vehicul hibrid pe bnzin\u0103-electric folosind o caroserie Buick Skylark.\u00a0Agen\u021bia pentru Protec\u021bia Mediului din SUA a testat vehiculul, a certificat c\u0103 a respectat liniile directoare stricte pentru un program auto EPA cu aer curat.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1975<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0AM General, o divizie a American Motors, a \u00eenceput livrarea a 352 de dube electrice c\u0103tre Serviciul Po\u0219tal din SUA pentru testare.\u00a0Administra\u021bia SUA pentru Cercetare \u0219i Dezvoltare \u00een Energie a \u00eenceput un program guvernamental pentru a promova tehnologia electric\u0103 \u0219i hibrid\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1976<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Congresul SUA a promulgat Legea Public\u0103 94-413, Actul de Cercetare, Dezvoltare \u0219i Demonstrare a Vehiculelor Electrice \u0219i Hibride din 1976. Printre obiectivele legii, au fost de a colabora cu industria pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi bateriile, motoarele, controlerele \u0219i alte componente hibrid-electrice.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

General Electric a fost aleas\u0103 pentru a construi un sedan hibrid paralel, iar Toyota a construit primul s\u0103u hibrid – o ma\u0219in\u0103 sport mic\u0103 cu un motor cu turbin\u0103 pe benzin\u0103 care furnizeaz\u0103 curent unui motor electric.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1977 \u2013 1979<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0General Motors a cheltuit peste 20 milioane de dolari \u00een dezvoltarea \u0219i cercetarea ma\u0219inilor electrice, raport\u00e2nd c\u0103 vehiculele electrice ar putea fi \u00een produc\u021bie p\u00e2n\u0103 la mijlocul anilor 1980.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1979<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Dave Arthurs din Springdale, Arkansas, a cheltuit 1.500 de dolari transform\u00e2nd un Opel GT standard \u00eentr-o ma\u0219in\u0103 hibrid\u0103 care ar putea ajunge la o autonomie de 120 km, folosind un motor de tuns iarba de \u0219ase cai putere, un motor electric de patru sute de amperi \u0219i o serie de \u0219ase baterii.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Mother Earth News a<\/span><\/span>\u00a0folosit planul Arthurs pentru a-\u0219i construi propriul hibrid, care avea o autonomie medie de120 km.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1980<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Briggs and Stratton, compania cunoscut\u0103 pentru produc\u021bia de motoare pentru ma\u0219ini de tuns iarba, a dezvoltat o ma\u0219in\u0103 hibrid\u0103 propulsat\u0103 de un motor cu cilindru dublu pe benzin\u0103, \u00een patru timpi, de 16 CP \u0219i un motor electric, pentru un total de 26 CP.\u00a0Sistemul de propulsie hibrid a furnizat putere pentru un vehicul cu dou\u0103 u\u0219i proiectat la comand\u0103 \u0219i cu \u0219ase ro\u021bi – dou\u0103 \u00een fa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i patru \u00een spate.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1989<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Audi a dezv\u0103luit prima genera\u021bie a vehiculului experimental Audi Duo, bazat pe Audi 100 Avant Quattro.\u00a0Ma\u0219ina avea un motor electric de 12,6 CP, care conducea ro\u021bile din spate \u00een locul unui arbore de transmisie.\u00a0O baterie cu nichel-cadmiu a furnizat energia.\u00a0Trac\u021biunea fa\u021b\u0103 era propulsat\u0103 de un motor de 2,3 l cu cinci cilindri, cu o putere de 136 CP.\u00a0Doi ani mai t\u00e2rziu, Audi a dezv\u0103luit a doua genera\u021bie Duo, bazat\u0103 tot pe Audi 100 Avant quattro.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1991<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Consor\u021biul Advanced Battery Consortium al Statelor Unite (USABC), un program al Departamentului de Energie, a lansat un program major pentru a produce o baterie \u201esuper\u201d pentru a scoate vehicule electrice viabile pe drum c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil.\u00a0USABC ar continua s\u0103 investeasc\u0103 mai mult de 90 milioane de dolari \u00een bateria cu hidrur\u0103 de nichel (NiMH).\u00a0Bateria NiMH poate accepta de trei ori mai multe cicluri de \u00eenc\u0103rcare dec\u00e2t plumb-acid \u0219i poate func\u021biona mai bine pe vreme rece.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1992<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Toyota Motor Corporation a anun\u021bat \u201eCarta P\u0103m\u00e2ntului\u201d, un document care subliniaz\u0103 obiectivele de dezvoltare \u0219i comercializare a vehiculelor cu cele mai sc\u0103zute emisii posibile.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1993<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Administra\u021bia Clinton a anun\u021bat o ini\u021biativ\u0103 guvernamental\u0103 numit\u0103 Parteneriatul pentru o nou\u0103 genera\u021bie de vehicule (PNGV).\u00a0\u00cen cadrul programului, guvernul a colaborat cu industria auto american\u0103 pentru a dezvolta o ma\u0219in\u0103 curat\u0103.\u00a0C\u00e2\u021biva ani \u0219i un miliard de dolari mai t\u00e2rziu, PNGV a ap\u0103rut cu trei prototipuri pentru ma\u0219ina lor.\u00a0Fiecare prototip a fost un hibrid.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Excluderea Toyota din PNGV l-a determinat pe pre\u0219edintele Eiji Toyoda s\u0103 creeze un proiect secret numit G21, Global Car for the 21st Century.\u00a0\u00cen anul urm\u0103tor, Toyota \u0219i-a dublat obiectivul ini\u021bial de a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi eficien\u021ba consumului de combustibil cu 50%.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1997<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Toyota Prius a fost introdus pe pia\u021ba japonez\u0103 cu doi ani \u00eenainte de data ini\u021bial\u0103 de lansare \u0219i \u00eenaintea conferin\u021bei de \u00eenc\u0103lzire global\u0103 de la Kyoto, organizat\u0103 \u00een decembrie.\u00a0V\u00e2nz\u0103rile \u00een primul an au fost de aproape 18.000 de ma\u0219ini.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a> 1997<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Audi a devenit primul produc\u0103tor din Europa care a introdus \u00een produc\u021bie un vehicul hibrid: duo-ul Audi bazat pe A4 Avant.\u00a0Vehiculul era propulsat de un TDI de 1,9 l de 90 CP, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu un motor electric de 29 CP.\u00a0Ambele surse de putere au condus ro\u021bile din fa\u021b\u0103.\u00a0O baterie plumb-gel din spate a stocat energia electric\u0103.\u00a0Duo nu a fost un succes comercial \u0219i, prin urmare, a fost \u00eentrerupt, determin\u00e2nd produc\u0103torii de automobile europeni s\u0103-\u0219i concentreze investi\u021biile \u00een cercetare \u0219i dezvoltare pe motoare diesel.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1997 \u2013 1999<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0O mic\u0103 selec\u021bie de ma\u0219ini electrice de la marii produc\u0103tori de automobile \u2013 inclusiv EV Plus de la Honda, pickup-ul electric EV1 \u0219i S-10 de la GM, un pickup Ford Ranger \u0219i RAV4 EV de la Toyota \u2013 au fost introduse \u00een California.\u00a0\u00cen ciuda entuziasmului primilor adoptatori, sistemul electric nu a reu\u0219it s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 c\u00e2teva sute de \u0219oferi pentru fiecare model.\u00a0\u00cen c\u00e2\u021biva ani, programele complet electrice au fost abandonate.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1999<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Honda a lansat Insight cu dou\u0103 u\u0219i, prima ma\u0219in\u0103 hibrid\u0103 care a ajuns pe pia\u021ba de mas\u0103 din Statele Unite.\u00a0Insight a c\u00e2\u0219tigat numeroase premii \u0219i a primit evalu\u0103ri EPA.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2000<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Toyota a lansat Toyota Prius, primul sedan hibrid cu patru u\u0219i disponibil \u00een Statele Unite.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2002<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Honda a lansat Honda\u00a0Civic Hybrid, a doua ma\u0219in\u0103 hibrid\u0103 pe benzin\u0103-electric\u0103 disponibil\u0103 comercial.\u00a0Aspectul \u0219i manevrabilitatea modelului Civic Hybrid au fost (\u0219i sunt \u00eenc\u0103) identice cu Civicul conven\u021bional.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2004<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Toyota Prius II a c\u00e2\u0219tigat premiile Ma\u0219ina anului 2004 de la Motor Trend Magazine \u0219i North American Auto Show.\u00a0Toyota a fost surprins\u0103 de cerere \u0219i \u0219i-a crescut produc\u021bia de la 36.000 la 47.000 pentru pia\u021ba din SUA.\u00a0Cump\u0103r\u0103torii interesa\u021bi au a\u0219teptat p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u0219ase luni pentru a cump\u0103ra Prius 2004.\u00a0Pre\u0219edintele Toyota Motor Sales SUA, Jim Press, a numit-o \u201ecea mai tare ma\u0219in\u0103 pe care am avut-o vreodat\u0103\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 dore\u0219ti s\u0103 afli mai multe despre atelierul nostru te invit pe site-ul autochelu.ro<\/a>.<\/span><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00centre 1665 \u0219i 1680, preotul \u0219i astronomul iezuit flamand Ferdinand Verbiest a creat planuri pentru o \u201ema\u0219in\u0103\u201d cu abur f\u0103r\u0103 pilot \u00een miniatur\u0103, cu patru ro\u021bi, pentru \u00eemp\u0103ratul chinez Khang Hsi.\u00a0\u00cen 1769, francezul Nicholas Cugnot a construit un c\u0103rucior cu motor alimentat cu abur capabil de \u0219ase mile pe or\u0103.\u00a0\u00cen 1825, inventatorul britanic Goldsworthy Gurney a construit o ma\u0219in\u0103 cu abur care a finalizat cu succes o c\u0103l\u0103torie dus-\u00eentors de 130 km \u00een zece ore.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3885,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-auto"],"yoast_head":"\nMa\u0219ini electrice - Istoria Vehiculelor Hibride - 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