{"id":2541,"date":"2021-12-08T09:48:07","date_gmt":"2021-12-08T07:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/?p=2541"},"modified":"2021-12-08T09:48:07","modified_gmt":"2021-12-08T07:48:07","slug":"chiulasa-ce-este-chiulasa-tehnica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/chiulasa-ce-este-chiulasa-tehnica\/","title":{"rendered":"Chiulasa – Ce este chiulasa?\u00a0– Tehnica"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\"Chiulasa\"<\/p>\n

Chiulasa<\/span>
\nPentru ca motorul nostru s\u0103 fie complet, trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 capul setat.\u00a0\u00cen ciuda denumirii, aceasta este partea motorului care \u201ese g\u00e2nde\u0219te\u201d la nimic, mai ales \u00een epoca electronicii, ci partea care \u0219i-a primit numele, deoarece ajunge \u00een partea de sus a blocului.\u00a0\u00cen capul motorului, exist\u0103 multe componente necesare func\u021bion\u0103rii motorului.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Partea superioar\u0103 \u0219i inferioar\u0103 a unuia dintre capetele unui motor V8 cu 16 supape (General Motors)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce este chiulasa?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Chiulasa este, prin defini\u021bie, partea motorului cu ardere intern\u0103 situat\u0103 pe bloc, deasupra cilindrului.\u00a0\u00cenchide cilindrii, form\u00e2nd astfel camere de ardere.\u00a0De asemenea, chiulasa ofer\u0103 spa\u021biu pentru trecerea conductelor de admisie \u0219i evacuare, iar rolul s\u0103u este de a g\u0103zdui supapa, bujia, injectorele de combustibil, rulmen\u021bii arborelui cu came \u0219i alte piese ale motorului.\u00a0C\u00e2nd ne referim la capul motorului ca fiind \u201edeasupra\u201d blocului motorului, este doar o defini\u021bie descriptiv\u0103 c\u0103 motorul poate fi pozi\u021bionat \u00een vehicul astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t capul s\u0103 vin\u0103 de fapt din lateral, \u00eentr-un unghi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cap motor 4 cilindri 16V (Daimler AG)<\/span><\/p>\n

Monstru cu un singur cap sau cu dou\u0103 capete?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Motoarele obi\u0219nuite, adic\u0103 cele cu cilindri \u00een linie, au \u00een general un cap.\u00a0De regul\u0103, motoarele cu cilindri \u00een configura\u021bie V au dou\u0103 capete de cilindri, c\u00e2te unul pentru fiecare r\u00e2nd de cilindri.\u00a0\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, motoarele boxer care au cilindrii la locul lor, au dou\u0103 capete.\u00a0Motoarele V cu un spa\u021biu mic al cilindrilor, precum Volkswagen VR6, utilizeaz\u0103 un singur cap.\u00a0Exist\u0103 excep\u021bii de la aceast\u0103 teorie.\u00a0S\u0103 spunem c\u0103 unele motoare mari (de obicei diesel), precum cele care pornesc nave sau sunt utilizate \u00een fabrici industriale, pot avea un cap pentru fiecare cilindru.\u00a0O astfel de construc\u021bie este implementat\u0103 pentru a reduce costurile \u0219i pentru a simplifica orice repara\u021bii<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Unul dintre cele dou\u0103 capete ale unui motor V10 cu 40 de supape cu \u021bevi de e\u0219apament (BMW AG)<\/span><\/p>\n

Aspectul capului motorului este vizibil din imagini.\u00a0Aceasta este o parte metalic\u0103 a motorului care este foarte asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu un bloc.\u00a0La urma urmei, capul motorului este realizat prin acelea\u0219i proceduri, adic\u0103 turnare (turnare cu nisip sau model volatil sau prelucrare CNC).\u00a0Capul este mai mic dec\u00e2t blocul motor, fiind o gr\u0103mad\u0103 de metal turnat.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen ma\u0219inile de ast\u0103zi, aproape c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 motoare al c\u0103ror cap nu este fabricat din aliaj de aluminiu, \u00een timp ce blocurile din font\u0103 gri (font\u0103) sunt \u00eenc\u0103 oarecum obi\u0219nuite.\u00a0Motivul pentru aceasta rezid\u0103 \u00een primul r\u00e2nd \u00een faptul c\u0103 aliajele de aluminiu suport\u0103 mai bine sarcinile termice (aluminiul conduce c\u0103ldura mult mai bine dec\u00e2t fierul) la care este expus\u0103 chiulasa, deoarece este extrem de fierbinte \u00een timpul func\u021bion\u0103rii.\u00a0Cu siguran\u021b\u0103, camerele de ardere sunt amplasate \u00een capul motorului, care este unul dintre motivele fundamentale pentru \u00eenc\u0103lzirea semnificativ\u0103 a acestei p\u0103r\u021bi a motorului.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cele mai comune forme de camer\u0103 de ardere: emisferic\u0103, \u201ecuv\u0103\u201d, cap de piston \u0219i pan\u0103 (PD)<\/span><\/p>\n

Unde se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 totul – camera de ardere<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 spa\u021biu (camer\u0103 de ardere) \u00een diferite forme, dar \u201eexemplul \u0219colar\u201d este cu siguran\u021b\u0103 cel \u00een form\u0103 de emisfer\u0103.\u00a0Acestea sunt ad\u0103postite \u00een ea dou\u0103 sau mai multe supape\u00a0distan\u021bate corespunz\u0103tor fa\u021b\u0103 de\u00a0cilindrul\u00a0central, \u00een timp ce \u00een mijlocul dintre ele este o bujie.\u00a0Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 de spa\u021biu de ardere este recunosc\u0103toare, deoarece sc\u00e2nteia aprinde cel mai eficient \u00eentregul amestec \u0219i este asigurat\u0103 arderea (aproape) complet\u0103.\u00a0O alt\u0103 form\u0103 de spa\u021biu de ardere pe care o \u00eent\u00e2lnim mai des este forma \u201ecad\u0103\u201d.\u00a0O astfel de construc\u021bie se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-o cale scurt\u0103 de sc\u00e2nteie \u0219i o rezisten\u021b\u0103 ridicat\u0103 la arderea prin detonare, dar problema apare atunci c\u00e2nd dorim s\u0103 amplas\u0103m mai multe supape \u00een ea.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Vom profita de aceast\u0103 ocazie pentru a clarifica un alt detaliu.\u00a0\u0218i anume, arderea detonativ\u0103 men\u021bionat\u0103 este un fenomen care apare atunci c\u00e2nd amestecul se aprinde spontan \u00een punctul de contact cu p\u0103r\u021bile foarte \u00eenc\u0103lzite ale cilindrului sau camerei de ardere.\u00a0De asemenea, dac\u0103 este vorba de motoare pe benzin\u0103, amestecul se aprinde cu o bujie \u0219i astfel dou\u0103 fl\u0103c\u0103ri se \u201eciocnesc\u201d undeva \u00een interiorul cilindrului.\u00a0Auzim aceast\u0103 coliziune a dou\u0103 fl\u0103c\u0103ri ca un fel de \u201eb\u0103taie\u201d de la motor.\u00a0\u00cen practic\u0103, este cazul c\u00e2nd, de exemplu, pe o pant\u0103 ascendent\u0103, ap\u0103sa\u021bi pedala de accelera\u021bie prea mult \u00eentr-o treapt\u0103 superioar\u0103 (poate fi cauzat\u0103 \u0219i de combustibil sc\u0103zut octanic).\u00a0Aceast\u0103 lovitur\u0103 care vine de la motor este descris\u0103 de mul\u021bi ca o formulare gre\u0219it\u0103 legendar\u0103 care spune c\u0103 \u201ese aud supape\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sec\u021biunea transversal\u0103 a capului motorului cu 4 supape pe cilindru \u0219i 2 arbori cu came (Daimler AG)<\/span><\/p>\n

O a treia form\u0103 comun\u0103 de spa\u021biu de ardere este ascuns\u0103 \u00een fruntea pistonului.\u00a0Aceast\u0103 form\u0103 face posibil\u0103 ob\u021binerea unui grad foarte ridicat de compresie \u0219i este adesea utilizat\u0103 la motoarele al c\u0103ror diametru al cilindrului este mai mare dec\u00e2t cursa pistonului.\u00a0Este tipic prin faptul c\u0103 chiulasa este aproape complet plat\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 pic\u0103turi (cu excep\u021bia conductelor de admisie \u0219i evacuare, filetelor bujiilor, deschiderilor supapelor etc.).\u00a0Ultima form\u0103 mai comun\u0103 a camerei de ardere este \u00een form\u0103 de pan\u0103.\u00a0Aici, avantajele sunt similare cu cele sub form\u0103 de cad\u0103, dar exist\u0103 o problem\u0103 cu acomodarea unui num\u0103r mai mare de supape, \u00een timp ce capul pistonului trebuie aproape \u00eentotdeauna s\u0103 fie profund incizat pentru a face loc supapelor (\u00een timp ce sunt deschise).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, niciuna dintre aceste forme de spa\u021biu de ardere nu este ideal\u0103.\u00a0Chestiunea alegerii formei camerei de ardere este o problem\u0103 a motorului particular care este proiectat (sau ref\u0103cut) \u0219i a caracteristicilor sale a\u0219teptate.\u00a0Dar cele mai importante cerin\u021be pe care camera de ardere (camera) trebuie s\u0103 le \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 ar fi: cea mai bun\u0103 amestecare posibil\u0103 de combustibil \u0219i aer (v\u00e2rtejul amestecului) \u0219i cea mai scurt\u0103 cale a sc\u00e2nteii c\u0103tre toate p\u0103r\u021bile amestecului.\u00a0Dup\u0103 cum putem vedea, obiectivul este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd de a ob\u021bine c\u00e2t mai mult\u0103 combustie posibil \u0219i, astfel, de a maximiza utilizarea combustibilului utilizat.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Diferite versiuni ale garniturii chiulasei \u2013 cu patru g\u0103uri pot \u00eensemna: 4 cilindri \u00een linie sau V8.\u00a0Mai jos este garnitura pentru chiuloasa motorului VR6 (Honda\/Mazda\/Volkswagen)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0218i capul motorului pe de alt\u0103 parte?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Apropo de chiulas\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 ne uit\u0103m \u0219i la partea superioar\u0103 a acestuia (dac\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 cea inferioar\u0103 este cea din care ies supapele, bujiile etc.).\u00a0Deja dintr-o privire (cu siguran\u021b\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd capacul supapei este \u00eendep\u0103rtat), putem evalua dac\u0103 este vorba despre un motor al arborelui cu came (arborele) \u00een cap sau dac\u0103 avem de-a face cu un motor montat pe arborele cu came (bloc de supap\u0103) pe lateral, supap\u0103 tije de ridicare etc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a> Capacul supapei nu este altceva dec\u00e2t o bucat\u0103 de tabl\u0103 bine etan\u0219at\u0103 pe partea superioar\u0103 a chiulasei al c\u0103rei rol este de a p\u0103stra uleiul \u00een care sistemul de ac\u021bionare a supapei \u201ese scald\u0103\u201d \u00een timp ce motorul func\u021bioneaz\u0103.\u00a0Un dop de umplere cu ulei este de obicei plasat pe capacul respectiv.\u00a0S\u0103 nu uit\u0103m un alt sigiliu, cel mai greu din \u00eentregul motor.\u00a0Este o garnitur\u0103 a chiulasei (garnitura chiulas\u0103) situat\u0103 \u00eentre cap \u0219i bloc.\u00a0Scopul acestui sigiliu este de a preveni posibila degajare de gaze din amestecul ars, ulei sau lichid de r\u0103cire.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a> Pentru mai multe detalii despre ma\u0219ini po\u021bi vizita oric\u00e2nd autocehlu.ro<\/a>.<\/span><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chiulasa este, prin defini\u021bie, partea motorului cu ardere intern\u0103 situat\u0103 pe bloc, deasupra cilindrului.\u00a0\u00cenchide cilindrii, form\u00e2nd astfel camere de ardere.\u00a0De asemenea, chiulasa ofer\u0103 spa\u021biu pentru trecerea conductelor de admisie \u0219i evacuare, iar rolul s\u0103u este de a g\u0103zdui supapa, bujia, injectorele de combustibil, rulmen\u021bii arborelui cu came \u0219i alte piese ale motorului<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2542,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-auto"],"yoast_head":"\nChiulasa - Ce este chiulasa?\u00a0- Tehnica - Service Premium AutoChelu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chiulasa este partea motorului cu ardere intern\u0103 situat\u0103 pe bloc, deasupra cilindrului. \u00cenchide cilindrii, form\u00e2nd astfel camere de ardere.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/chiulasa-ce-este-chiulasa-tehnica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chiulasa - 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