{"id":2500,"date":"2021-12-07T08:09:17","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T06:09:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/?p=2500"},"modified":"2022-02-22T12:27:51","modified_gmt":"2022-02-22T10:27:51","slug":"bloc-motor-la-ce-serveste-care-este-rolul-sau-tehnica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/bloc-motor-la-ce-serveste-care-este-rolul-sau-tehnica\/","title":{"rendered":"Bloc Motor – La ce serve\u0219te? Care este rolul s\u0103u?\u00a0– Tehnica"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\"Bloc<\/p>\n

Bloc Motor<\/span><\/p>\n

Bloc motor<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pentru ce este aceast\u0103 gr\u0103mad\u0103 de metal?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cea mai grea \u0219i mai mare parte a unui motor cu ardere intern\u0103 este blocul s\u0103u.\u00a0De fapt, este o bucat\u0103 de metal cu multe g\u0103uri, canale \u0219i tot felul de deschideri.\u00a0Asamblarea motorului porne\u0219te chiar de la blocul s\u0103u.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bloc motor din aluminiu pentru motor cu 6 cilindri \u00een linie (BMW AG)<\/span><\/p>\n

Blocul motorului este \u00eentr-un fel \u201ebaza\u201d construc\u021biei motorului \u00een sine.\u00a0Poate nu at\u00e2t de mult cu complexitatea sa de construc\u021bie, dar blocul a meritat titlul piesei de baz\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 toate celelalte p\u0103r\u021bi ale motorului sunt ata\u0219ate la acesta.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cilindrii s\u0103i vor g\u0103zdui astfel tije de piston (sau c\u0103ptu\u0219eli), partea inferioar\u0103 a blocului con\u021bine buc\u0219ele lag\u0103rului arborelui cotit, dedesubt este carterul motorului, iar \u00een partea de sus a blocului, vine chiulasa.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bloc motor din aluminiu V8 LT-1 de 6,2 litri de la Corvette Stingray (General Motors)<\/span><\/p>\n

Blocurile motorului sunt de regul\u0103, din aluminiu (cele mai frecvente aliaje sunt 319 \u0219i A356), font\u0103 (font\u0103 gri) sau aliaje de fier \u0219i alte metale, precum nichelul \u0219i cromul.\u00a0Cu siguran\u021b\u0103, din ce \u00een ce mai multe motoare \u00een ma\u0219inile de ast\u0103zi au un bloc din aliaje de aluminiu al c\u0103ror principal avantaj este greutatea mai mic\u0103.\u00a0\u00cen plus, aluminiul conduce c\u0103ldura mai u\u0219or \u0219i astfel de motoare pot fi r\u0103cite mai bine.\u00a0Cu toate acestea, deoarece sarcinile interne mai mari apar la motoarele diesel, blocurile din font\u0103 sunt \u00eenc\u0103 obi\u0219nuite, cel pu\u021bin la motoarele diesel cu un volum mai mic.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Numele \u201ebloc\u201d provine probabil din faptul c\u0103 aceast\u0103 parte a motorului este practic o gr\u0103mad\u0103 de metal \u00een care exist\u0103 diverse deschideri, canale \u0219i g\u0103uri.\u00a0Dar, spre deosebire de o bucat\u0103 frumoas\u0103 de br\u00e2nz\u0103 elve\u021bian\u0103, orificiile din blocul motorului sunt aranjate corespunz\u0103tor.\u00a0Astfel, g\u0103urile cilindrilor sunt plasate \u00een blocul motorului, precum \u0219i diverse g\u0103uri cu diferite filete destinate fix\u0103rii altor piese ale motorului.\u00a0Blocul are \u0219i canale (a\u0219a-numitele \u201ebuzunare\u201d) destinate fluxului de lichid de r\u0103cire (pentru motoarele care au r\u0103cire lichid\u0103).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Economisire de spa\u021biu: motorul VR6 nu este nici regulat, nici motor V (Volkswagen AG)<\/span><\/p>\n

Urm\u0103toarele piese (de baz\u0103) sunt ata\u0219ate la blocul motorului prelucrat: arborele cotit (care este ata\u0219at la partea inferioar\u0103 a blocului), pistoanele cu inele \u0219i bielele care sunt conectate la arborele cotit, capul motorului (\u00een care se afl\u0103 camerele de ardere format) \u0219i bazin de ulei cu carter.\u00a0Blocul motorului serve\u0219te \u0219i ca \u201esuport\u201d pentru diferite alte p\u0103r\u021bi.\u00a0De asemenea, sunt ata\u0219ate un alternator (generator de energie), demaror electric, pomp\u0103 de lichid de r\u0103cire etc.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pe bloc, sunt montate suporturi care fixeaz\u0103 motorul pe caroseria ma\u0219inii.\u00a0Noile motoare, dup\u0103 asamblare, din fabric\u0103, ob\u021bin ulei \u0219i merg la test.\u00a0Cu toate acestea, aceasta este doar o scurt\u0103 punere \u00een func\u021biune urmat\u0103 de o instalare auto.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A\u0219a-numitele c\u0103ptu\u0219eli cilindrice \u201eumede\u201d asigur\u0103 o r\u0103cire mai bun\u0103 <\/span><\/p>\n

Blocul motorului din aluminiu are nevoie uneori de pu\u021bin ajutor<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 cum s-a men\u021bionat deja, cea mai interesant\u0103 variant\u0103 pe tema blocului motor este cu siguran\u021b\u0103 utilizarea aliajelor de aluminiu.\u00a0Totu\u0219i, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 avantajele men\u021bionate de o greutate mai mic\u0103 \u0219i o mai bun\u0103 disipare a c\u0103ldurii (prin conduc\u021bie) \u00een compara\u021bie cu blocurile din font\u0103 gri, blocurile din aluminiu prezint\u0103 \u0219i un dezavantaj considerabil – duritatea sc\u0103zut\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 cum v\u0103 aminti\u021bi, \u00een povestea despre cilindru \u0219i piston, am men\u021bionat \u0219i c\u00e2teva c\u0103ptu\u0219eli ale cilindrilor. De fapt, pistonul cu inelele sale \u201ese r\u0103zuie\u0219te\u201d pe interiorul cilindrului, care trebuie, prin urmare, s\u0103 fie rezistent la uzur\u0103. La motoarele al c\u0103ror bloc este fabricat din aliaje de aluminiu, construc\u021bia f\u0103r\u0103 man\u0219on nu ar putea fi utilizat\u0103, deoarece un bloc relativ moale s-ar uza prea repede. Prin urmare, \u00een astfel de motoare, de regul\u0103, exist\u0103 c\u0103ptu\u0219eli, fie \u201euscate\u201d, fie \u201eumede\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 excep\u021bii, iar solu\u021bia vine sub forma unui material magic – siliciu.\u00a0Anume, particulele de siliciu sunt foarte dure \u0219i unii produc\u0103tori le introduc \u00een aliajul din care este fabricat blocul.\u00a0Dup\u0103 turnare, cilindrii unui astfel de bloc sunt supu\u0219i grav\u0103rii (grav\u0103rii acide) care \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 practic un strat extrem de mic de aluminiu din interiorul cilindrului, l\u0103s\u00e2nd astfel granule de silicon dure expuse.\u00a0Pistonul poate aluneca apoi peste aceste m\u0103rgele cu o rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u0219i o uzur\u0103 minime.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Pentru turnarea cu nisip avem nevoie de un bloc motor \u201enegativ\u201d, precum aceste canale de r\u0103cire (BMW AG)<\/span><\/p>\n

Turn\u0103torie de fier<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Blocul motorului, din orice material, este realizat aproape \u00een general prin turnare, \u00een unele dintre diferitele tipuri de matri\u021be.\u00a0Procesul tradi\u021bional de fabrica\u021bie pentru fabricarea pieselor, cum ar fi un bloc motor, este turnarea \u00een nisip, un proces \u00een timpul c\u0103ruia se aplic\u0103 turnarea \u00een matri\u021be de nisip din mai multe piese.\u00a0\u00cen acest tip de turnare, deschiderile interioare ale blocului motorului (de exemplu, conductele de r\u0103cire, cilindrii etc.) sunt formate din nisip compactat (de fapt, un amestec de nisip, argil\u0103 \u0219i ap\u0103).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 turnare, acest nisip este scuturat l\u0103s\u00e2nd deschideri libere \u00een interiorul blocului.\u00a0Urm\u0103toarea etap\u0103 a construc\u021biei este cur\u0103\u021barea, dup\u0103 care este timpul s\u0103 g\u0103uri\u021bi g\u0103uri suplimentare (g\u0103uri de \u0219urub, debit de ulei lubrifiant) \u0219i apoi s\u0103 prelucra\u021bi cilindrii \u0219i suprafe\u021bele pe care trebuie s\u0103 se potriveasc\u0103 cu precizie alte p\u0103r\u021bi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Modelul evaporativ sau \u201espum\u0103 de dispari\u021bie\u201d este un proces care garanteaz\u0103 o precizie mai mare.\u00a0\u00cen st\u00e2nga este un bloc de aluminiu finisat, iar \u00een dreapta o inser\u021bie de matri\u021b\u0103 din polistiren (\u00een acest caz – \u201epozitiv\u0103\u201d) (General Motors)<\/span><\/p>\n

La producerea pieselor motorului, se folose\u0219te tehnica turn\u0103rii cu modele volatile.\u00a0Este un proces de produc\u021bie care folose\u0219te partea interioar\u0103 a matri\u021bei din material volatil, de obicei polistiren expandat (este o spum\u0103 de 97,5% aer \u0219i 2,5% polistiren).\u00a0Din acest material, se formeaz\u0103 (prin turnare \u00een matri\u021be metalice, t\u0103iere etc.) a\u0219a-numitul bloc motor.\u00a0Distribuirea \u201epozitiv\u0103\u201d, adic\u0103 ceea ce\u00a0creeaz\u0103 un model care se potrive\u0219te cu aspectul fizic a ceea ce dorim s\u0103 ob\u021binem ca produs final.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Apoi, spuma este scufundat\u0103 \u00eentr-o \u201eacoperire\u201d ceramic\u0103 care creeaz\u0103 o coaj\u0103 solid\u0103, dar \u00een acela\u0219i timp permite eliberarea gazelor create prin topirea spumei.\u00a0\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, totul este acoperit cu nisip compactat care serve\u0219te ca matri\u021b\u0103 \u00een sine.\u00a0Prin turnarea metalului \u00eentr-o astfel de matri\u021b\u0103, materialul volatil dispare \u0219i locul s\u0103u este luat de metalul topit.\u00a0Avantajele acestei metode de turnare sunt \u00een dimensiunile lichidului \u0219i absen\u021ba muchiilor care sunt prezente la \u00eembin\u0103rile matri\u021belor din mai multe p\u0103r\u021bi.\u00a0Una dintre fabricile care se afl\u0103 \u00een fruntea dezvolt\u0103rii unor astfel de tehnici de turnare este cu siguran\u021b\u0103 germana Knauf Gypsum KG.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O privire exotic\u0103 asupra subiectului realiz\u0103rii blocurilor<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, de\u0219i acest lucru apar\u021bine f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 exoticului, trebuie s\u0103 men\u021bion\u0103m un alt mod de a face un bloc motor.\u00a0Este vorba despre realizarea unui bloc motor cu ajutorul unei freze CNC.\u00a0Ideea unei astfel de abord\u0103ri este simpl\u0103: dup\u0103 ce a\u021bi terminat proiectul blocului, pune\u021bi o bucat\u0103 de aluminiu \u00eentr-o ma\u0219in\u0103 CNC, ap\u0103sa\u021bi un buton \u0219i a\u0219tepta\u021bi ca ma\u0219ina de frezat s\u0103 \u201escuipe\u201d blocul motor final.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De\u0219i procesul nu este rapid, practic nu exist\u0103 finisare\/prelucrare suplimentar\u0103.\u00a0Dezavantajele sunt urm\u0103toarele: nu este posibil s\u0103 se creeze canale curbate \u00een interiorul blocului (burghiele sunt plate), echipamentul de produc\u021bie este scump (nu c\u0103 turn\u0103torii sunt fabrici ieftine, dar costul turn\u0103rii ast\u0103zi este mult mai mic dec\u00e2t utilizarea acestui computer – frez\u0103 controlat\u0103) \u0219i ca produs secundar o cantitate mare de de\u0219euri, dar cu tehnici de reciclare dezvoltate, aceste de\u0219euri devin rapid o nou\u0103 materie prim\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Pentru mai multe informa\u021bii despre domeniul auto te a\u0219tept\u0103m pe\u00a0autochelu.ro<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Blocul motorului este \u00eentr-un fel \u201ebaza\u201d construc\u021biei motorului \u00een sine.\u00a0Poate nu at\u00e2t de mult cu complexitatea sa de construc\u021bie, dar blocul a meritat titlul piesei de baz\u0103, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 toate celelalte p\u0103r\u021bi ale motorului sunt ata\u0219ate la acesta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2502,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-auto"],"yoast_head":"\nBloc motor - Baza construc\u021biei motorului - Service Premium AutoChelu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Numele provine probabil din faptul c\u0103 aceast\u0103 parte a motorului este practic o gr\u0103mad\u0103 de metal, de aici si denumirea de bloc motor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/bloc-motor-la-ce-serveste-care-este-rolul-sau-tehnica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bloc motor - Baza construc\u021biei motorului - Service Premium AutoChelu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Numele provine probabil din faptul c\u0103 aceast\u0103 parte a motorului este practic o gr\u0103mad\u0103 de metal, de aici si denumirea de bloc motor.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/bloc-motor-la-ce-serveste-care-este-rolul-sau-tehnica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AutoChelu Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-12-07T06:09:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-22T10:27:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Bloc-motor.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"AutoChelu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scris de\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"AutoChelu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/autochelu.ro\\\/blog\\\/bloc-motor-la-ce-serveste-care-este-rolul-sau-tehnica\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/autochelu.ro\\\/blog\\\/bloc-motor-la-ce-serveste-care-este-rolul-sau-tehnica\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"AutoChelu\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/autochelu.ro\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/db6dc57fc3455fc03baf48d97d5cf94e\"},\"headline\":\"Bloc Motor – La ce serve\u0219te? 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