{"id":2321,"date":"2021-12-03T09:23:21","date_gmt":"2021-12-03T07:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/?p=2321"},"modified":"2021-12-03T09:23:21","modified_gmt":"2021-12-03T07:23:21","slug":"arborele-cotit-la-ce-serveste-tehnica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/arborele-cotit-la-ce-serveste-tehnica\/","title":{"rendered":"Arborele cotit &#8211; La ce serve\u0219te &#8211; Tehnic\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\">[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2324 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Arborele-Cotit-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Arborele Cotit\" width=\"618\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Arborele-Cotit-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Arborele-Cotit-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Arborele-Cotit-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Arborele-Cotit.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #dedede;\">Arborele Cotit<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>De la drept, la circular<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ne apropiem \u00eencet de momentul \u00een care motorul nostru va transfera puterea creat\u0103 c\u0103tre sistemul de transmisie.\u00a0Dar \u00eenainte ca acest lucru s\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2mple, un piston de\u00a0mi\u0219care direct\u00a0\u00a0trebuie s\u0103-l transform\u0103m \u00eentr-unul circular.\u00a0Arborele cotit ne va ajuta \u00een acest sens, o inven\u021bie al c\u0103rei principiu era cunoscut chiar de vechii romani.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>P\u0103r\u021bile principale ale arborelui cotit<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Arborele cotit este una dintre componentele mai mari dintr-o singur\u0103 pies\u0103 a unui motor cu ardere intern\u0103.\u00a0Rolul arborelui cotit este \u00een transmiterea puterii de la pistoane la sistemul de transmisie al autovehiculului (\u00een mod specific, la cutia de viteze).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u0218i, deoarece toate p\u0103r\u021bile de ac\u021bionare ale transmisiei se mi\u0219c\u0103 \u00een mod circular pe partea de ie\u0219ire a motorului (partea care va transmite puterea sau momentul c\u0103tre sistemul de transmisie), trebuie s\u0103 ob\u021binem a\u0219a ceva \u00eentr-o mi\u0219care circular\u0103, de\u0219i am ob\u021binut puterea motorului datorit\u0103 pistonului de\u00a0mi\u0219care \u00een linie dreapt\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2325 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ArboreleCotit1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ArboreleCotit1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ArboreleCotit1-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>O inven\u021bie care face ca totul s\u0103 se \u00eenv\u00e2rt\u0103<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Arborele cotit este fabricat dintr-o singur\u0103 bucat\u0103 de o\u021bel \u0219i este de obicei turnat, forjat \u0219i ulterior prelucrat pentru a realiza rulmen\u021bi, g\u0103uri \u0219i caneluri, precum \u0219i prelungiri fa\u021b\u0103 \u0219i spate.\u00a0Energia care se dezvolt\u0103 prin arderea unui amestec de combustibil \u0219i aer \u00eempinge pistonul spre DMT.\u00a0La el, este ata\u0219at\u0103 o tij\u0103 a pistonului care este conexiunea dintre piston \u0219i arborele cotit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Partea inferioar\u0103 a bielei este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi care formeaz\u0103 o deschidere rotund\u0103 \u00een interiorul c\u0103reia exist\u0103 un rulment. Partea inferioar\u0103 a bielei este ata\u0219at\u0103 la arborele cotit pe care exist\u0103 un lag\u0103r cu un orificiu de lubrifiere.\u00a0Astfel, se realizeaz\u0103 conexiunea mi\u0219c\u0103rii \u00eentre tija de leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u0219i arborele cotit, care este necesar\u0103 pentru a transpune mi\u0219carea rectilinie a pistonului, prin tija de leg\u0103tur\u0103, \u00eentr-o mi\u0219care circular\u0103 a arborelui cotit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Pe partea opus\u0103 a lag\u0103relor tijei pistonului, se afl\u0103 o contragreutate care asigur\u0103 func\u021bionarea uniform\u0103 a motorului.\u00a0Aceste greut\u0103\u021bi au sarcina de a echilibra mi\u0219carea pistonului \u0219i tijei pistonului, care \u00eencetine\u0219te performan\u021ba motorului \u0219i permite o func\u021bionare sigur\u0103 la tura\u021bii mai mari (rpm).\u00a0Greut\u0103\u021bile sunt de obicei realizate dintr-o singur\u0103 bucat\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu arborele cotit \u0219i ulterior prelucrate pentru a-\u0219i echilibra greutatea, dar uneori contragreut\u0103\u021bile sunt \u00een\u0219urubate.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Desigur, lubrifierea corect\u0103 a lag\u0103relor de pe lag\u0103rele arborelui cotit este semnificativ\u0103 datorit\u0103 for\u021bei mari care \u00eempinge pistonul (de\u0219i caracteristicile ma\u0219inilor de propulsie de ast\u0103zi difer\u0103 drastic, doar ilustra\u021biile pot spune c\u0103 o anumit\u0103 valoare tipic\u0103 pentru motoarele pe benzin\u0103 este de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 18.000 N).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2326 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ArboreleCotit2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ArboreleCotit2.jpg 550w, https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ArboreleCotit2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ArboreleCotit2-310x205.jpg 310w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Ce conduce arborele cotit?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La capetele arborelui cotit, exist\u0103 extensii pentru ata\u0219area amortizoarelor de vibra\u021bii, scripete, volante etc. Pe partea frontal\u0103 (\u00een mod condi\u021bionat) a motorului se afl\u0103 cap\u0103tul arborelui cotit de care este ata\u0219at amortizorul de vibra\u021bii.\u00a0Este o inser\u021bie cu piese din metal \u0219i cauciuc destinate s\u0103 amortizeze vibra\u021biile (care deplaseaz\u0103 arborele cotit longitudinal).\u00a0Rolul s\u0103u este \u00een primul r\u00e2nd de a \u201ecalma\u201d suficient arborele cotit, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 nu crape sau s\u0103 nu fie deteriorat \u00een niciun alt mod din cauza supra\u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103rii.\u00a0De asemenea, la acela\u0219i cap\u0103t al arborelui cotit, exist\u0103 extensii pentru conectarea fuliilor care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 pompa de ap\u0103, alternatorul, arborii cu came \u0219i multe altele.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Pe a\u0219a-numitul disc de m\u0103surare a vitezei, este montat pe partea din fa\u021b\u0103 a arborelui cotit.\u00a0Un astfel de disc, este realizat fie sub form\u0103 de ro\u021bi din\u021bate, fie are g\u0103uri (depresiuni) \u00een jurul s\u0103u.\u00a0Un senzor optic (sau magnetic) situat l\u00e2ng\u0103 acest disc trimite informa\u021bii c\u0103tre computerul central de control al motorului despre viteza din\u021bilor sau a g\u0103urilor.\u00a0Aceste date sunt apoi convertite \u00een tura\u021bia motorului (tura\u021bia arborelui cotit) care este unul dintre parametrii de baz\u0103 necesari pentru func\u021bionarea sistemului de control electronic.\u00a0Cu aceste informa\u021bii, motorul \u201e\u0219tie\u201d \u00een ce moment ar trebui s\u0103 se dea sc\u00e2nteia bujiei, c\u00e2nd este necesar s\u0103 porni\u021bi injec\u021bia de combustibil etc.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2327 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ArboreleCotit3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ArboreleCotit3.jpg 550w, https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/ArboreleCotit3-300x167.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Arborele cotit are \u00eentotdeauna un rulment mai mult dec\u00e2t motorul cu cilindru \u00een linie.\u00a0\u00cen acest caz, este un motor cu 5 cilindri de la Mercedes-Benz 240 D (1974) al c\u0103rui arbore cotit este montat \u00een 6 rulmen\u021bi (Daimler AG).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Pe cealalt\u0103 parte (literalmente partea \u201eposterioar\u0103\u201d a motorului) a arborelui cotit, exist\u0103 o extensie de care este ata\u0219at volantul.\u00a0Volanta este un disc metalic rotund care, cu iner\u021bia sa \u00een timpul rota\u021biei, deplaseaz\u0103 arborele cotit peste a\u0219a-numitele \u201ePuncte moarte ale pistonului\u201d \u0219i ceasurile goale care nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103, men\u021bin\u00e2nd astfel o vitez\u0103 de rota\u021bie constant\u0103.\u00a0Acest lucru amortizeaz\u0103 vibra\u021biile \u0219i asigur\u0103 o func\u021bionare uniform\u0103 a motorului.\u00a0Volanta este caracterizat\u0103 prin aceea c\u0103 are din\u021bi dispu\u0219i pe circumferin\u021ba sa care se sprijin\u0103 pe angrenajul motorului de pornire electric.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Exist\u0103 o poveste pentru cei \u201ecare vor s\u0103 afle mai multe?\u201d<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Aproape nu exist\u0103 \u201evaria\u021bii speciale ale temei\u201d \u00een povestea arborelui cotit.\u00a0Singurele diferen\u021be se refer\u0103 la num\u0103rul de rulmen\u021bi cu care arborele cotit este ata\u0219at la blocul motorului \u0219i la materialul din care este fabricat, precum \u0219i la dimensiunea contragreut\u0103\u021bii.\u00a0La motoarele performante (ma\u0219inile sport), se \u00eencearc\u0103 reducerea masei pieselor mobile c\u00e2t mai mult posibil pentru a facilita munca \u0219i a cre\u0219te cel mai mare num\u0103r de rota\u021bii.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Astfel de motoare sunt echipate cu arbori coti\u021bi cu contragreut\u0103\u021bi mici \u0219i u\u0219oare \u0219i cu un volant semnificativ mai u\u0219or.\u00a0Cu siguran\u021b\u0103, la tura\u021bii mici, motorul procesat \u00een acest mod va scutura destul de pu\u021bin, ceea ce se \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 fie evitat \u00een vehiculele din seria mare.\u00a0O alt\u0103 variant\u0103 este arborele cotit al motorului V.\u00a0Aceste motoare au dou\u0103 biele (pistoane opuse) conectate la un singur scaun de genunchi extins.\u00a0Uneori, scaunele motorului V sunt realizate ca duble cu o distan\u021b\u0103 mic\u0103 (excentric\u0103) pentru a se ob\u021bine o distribu\u021bie mai bun\u0103 a for\u021belor.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 cite\u0219ti \u0219i alte articole interesante po\u021bi oric\u00e2nd s\u0103 ne vizitezi <a href=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/\">blogul<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ne apropiem \u00eencet de momentul \u00een care motorul nostru va transfera puterea creat\u0103 c\u0103tre sistemul de transmisie.\u00a0Dar \u00eenainte ca acest lucru s\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2mple, un piston de\u00a0mi\u0219care direct\u00a0\u00a0trebuie s\u0103-l transform\u0103m \u00eentr-unul circular.\u00a0Arborele cotit ne va ajuta \u00een acest sens, o inven\u021bie al c\u0103rei principiu era cunoscut chiar de vechii romani.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2324,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-auto"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arborele Cotit - La ce serve\u0219te - Tehnic\u0103 - Service Premium AutoChelu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Arborele cotit are rolul de a transmite puterea de la pistoane la 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