{"id":2074,"date":"2021-10-20T13:24:04","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T11:24:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/?p=2074"},"modified":"2021-11-05T15:47:42","modified_gmt":"2021-11-05T13:47:42","slug":"filtru-de-particule-pentru-motoare-pe-benzina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/filtru-de-particule-pentru-motoare-pe-benzina\/","title":{"rendered":"Filtru de particule pentru motoare pe benzin\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Filtru<\/p>\n

Filtru particule pentru motoare pe benzin\u0103<\/span><\/p>\n

Datorit\u0103 temperaturii de evacuare mai ridicate \u0219i a principiului de ardere diferit, filtrul de particule de funingine din motoarele pe benzin\u0103 este cur\u0103\u021bat continuu \u00een condi\u021bii normale.\u00a0Spre deosebire de motorin\u0103, regenerarea nu necesit\u0103 o cre\u0219tere a dozei de combustibil, deci nu exist\u0103 pericolul dilu\u0103rii uleiului cu benzin\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Standardele Euro 6c \u0219i 6d privind emisiile de e\u0219apament includ o nou\u0103 validare a valorilor m\u0103surate \u00een func\u021bionare efectiv\u0103.\u00a0Modific\u0103rile tehnice necesare impuse de reguli mai stricte includ utilizarea filtrelor de particule pentru motoarele cu injec\u021bie direct\u0103 pe benzin\u0103.\u00a0\u00cen practic\u0103, acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103 pentru aproape toate unit\u0103\u021bile pe benzin\u0103, cu excep\u021bia celor mai simple motoare din ma\u0219inile mici \u0219i a motoarelor atmosferice din uzinele hibride.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De\u0219i acest lucru pare s\u0103 fie legat de noua metodologie de m\u0103surare, nu este.\u00a0Sosirea ei a fost cunoscut\u0103 de ceva timp \u00een avans \u0219i este legat\u0103 de alinierea condi\u021biilor pentru motoarele diesel \u0219i pe benzin\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Acela\u0219i principiu, practic\u0103 diferit\u0103<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0– Filtru de particule pentru motoare pe benzin\u0103<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Deoarece filtrele de particule au acela\u0219i scop pentru motoarele pe benzin\u0103 \u0219i diesel, principiul lor de baz\u0103 de func\u021bionare este acela\u0219i.\u00a0Acesta const\u0103 \u00een plasarea unei c\u0103ptu\u0219eli ceramice \u00een \u021beava de e\u0219apament, care \u00eentr-o structur\u0103 foarte fin\u0103, colecteaz\u0103 particule fine, invizibile individual din gazele de e\u0219apament prin combinarea gazelor prin jaluzea \u0219i pasaje.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0219a-numitul senzor de presiune diferen\u021bial\u0103 compar\u0103 debitul de evacuare \u00een amonte \u0219i \u00een aval al filtrului pentru a determina nivelul de \u00eenc\u0103rcare a filtrului.\u00a0C\u00e2nd filtrul este \u00eenc\u0103rcat peste nivelul normal de func\u021bionare, electronica de comand\u0103 a motorului trebuie s\u0103 ini\u021bieze o aprindere for\u021bat\u0103 sau regenerarea filtrului pentru a asigura func\u021bionalitatea ma\u0219inii.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Un filtru simplu de particule de funingine are mai multe abrevieri diferite \u00een lumea ma\u0219inilor pe benzin\u0103, dar toate \u00eenseamn\u0103 acela\u0219i lucru:\u00a0GPF, care \u00een englez\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201eFiltru de particule pe benzin\u0103\u201d.\u00a0Spre deosebire de motoarele diesel, abrevierea german\u0103 este diferit\u0103, \u0219i anume OPF (\u201eOttopartikelfilter\u201d).\u00a0Acest lucru, de exemplu, apare \u00een textele lui <\/span><\/span><\/span>Skoda<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, care, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere schimbul de tehnologie cu <\/span><\/span><\/span>VW<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> german, ne poate surprinde.\u00a0Terminologia francez\u0103 pe de alt\u0103 parte, nu face nicio distinc\u021bie \u00eentre filtrele pe benzin\u0103 \u0219i cele pe motorin\u0103.\u00a0O denumire alternativ\u0103 pentru combina\u021bia de filtru \u0219i catalizator \u00eentr-un singur corp (cGPF) este un catalizator cu patru c\u0103i care subliniaz\u0103 faptul c\u0103 o nou\u0103 func\u021bie a fost ad\u0103ugat\u0103 catalizatorului cu trei c\u0103i existent.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Filtru particule pentru motoare pe benzin\u0103 – Regenerarea filtrelor sperie ma\u0219inile diesel moderne. Pentru a arde DPF (filtru de funingine diesel), este necesar s\u0103 cre\u0219te\u021bi temperatura gazelor de e\u0219apament prin cre\u0219terea cantit\u0103\u021bii de injec\u021bie de combustibil – indiferent dac\u0103 este injectat direct \u00een butelii sau printr-un injector special \u00een gazele de e\u0219apament. Prin urmare, ma\u0219ina este mai greu de condus \u0219i consum\u0103 mai mult. \u00cen plus, eventuala \u00eentrerupere a regener\u0103rii duce la umplerea suplimentar\u0103 a filtrului.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Nu este cazul unui filtru pe benzin\u0103 numit GPF.\u00a0Inginerii produc\u0103torilor de automobile jur\u0103 c\u0103, odat\u0103 cu utilizarea normal\u0103 a ma\u0219inilor pe benzin\u0103 cu GPF, nu va exista deloc o regenerare for\u021bat\u0103.\u00a0Aceast\u0103 afirma\u021bie este sus\u021binut\u0103 de dou\u0103 argumente fizice.\u00a0Pe de o parte, motoarele pe benzin\u0103 au o temperatur\u0103 de evacuare mai mare, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t GPF se va \u00eenc\u0103lzi \u0219i la o temperatur\u0103 mai mare \u00een timpul func\u021bion\u0103rii \u0219i va avea \u0219anse mai mari de a arde continuu \u00een timpul conducerii.\u00a0Pe de alt\u0103 parte, pornirea filtrului va ajuta la modul de fr\u00e2nare a motorului – adic\u0103 la deplasarea f\u0103r\u0103 accelera\u021bie cu treapta cuplat\u0103.\u00a0\u00cen aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie, motorul pompeaz\u0103 doar aerul de admisie f\u0103r\u0103 a injecta combustibil.\u00a0Concentra\u021bia natural\u0103 de oxigen este suficient\u0103 pentru ca particulele \u00eenc\u0103lzite s\u0103 ard\u0103 \u00een filtrul \u00eenc\u0103lzit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, regenerarea for\u021bat\u0103 a GPF poate fi aplicat\u0103 \u00een continuare – de obicei la declan\u0219\u0103ri scurte cu motor rece.\u00a0Din multe alte motive, un motor pe benzin\u0103 cu injec\u021bie direct\u0103 nu este o solu\u021bie ideal\u0103 pentru astfel de aplica\u021bii, dar situa\u021bia de pe pia\u021b\u0103 este c\u0103 majoritatea ma\u0219inilor noi au o ac\u021bionare mai potrivit\u0103, adic\u0103 un motor cu injec\u021bie direct\u0103 sau \u00eentr-o versiune hibrid\u0103 sau electric\u0103 pur\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Regenerarea este exact opusul DPF<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ca \u0219i \u00een cazul turbodieselului, filtrul \u00eenfundat trebuie ars prin cre\u0219terea artificial\u0103 a temperaturii de evacuare \u0219i aprinderea particulelor.\u00a0Motorul pe benzin\u0103 nu trebuie s\u0103 m\u0103reasc\u0103 doza de combustibil care poate fi apoi diluat\u0103 cu ulei sau \u00een cazul \u00een care regenerarea nu reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 \u00eenfundeze filtrul.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Solu\u021bia este exact opus\u0103: amestec slab.\u00a0Benzina \u00eentr-un motor pe benzin\u0103 nu este utilizat\u0103 doar pentru combustie, ci \u0219i pentru r\u0103cirea camerei de ardere sau a \u021bevilor de e\u0219apament.\u00a0De exemplu, proprietarii de <\/span><\/span><\/span>Audi<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> si <\/span><\/span><\/span>VW<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> mai vechi cu motoare 1.2 HTP \u0219i 1.2 TSI\u00a0cu opt supape\u00a0\u0219tiu despre aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 \u00een practic\u0103.\u00a0Unit\u0103\u021bile de comand\u0103 ale acestor motoare \u00ee\u0219i r\u0103cesc convertizorii catalitici relativ mici sub sarcin\u0103 prin cre\u0219terea umplerii combustibilului \u0219i, prin urmare, aceste motoare au un consum incredibil de mare de combustibil atunci c\u00e2nd conduci foarte repede.\u00a0Regenerarea GPF are ca rezultat aplicarea opus\u0103 a aceluia\u0219i principiu \u00een care filtrul permite inten\u021bionat \u00eenc\u0103lzirea filtrului la o temperatur\u0103 mai ridicat\u0103 prin reducerea dozei de combustibil.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nu \u0219tii c\u0103 \u00eel ai \u00een ma\u0219in\u0103<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 site-uri de configurare GPF.\u00a0\u00cen general mai pu\u021bin adecvat, dar uneori mai de dorit din punct de vedere structural, este instalarea acestuia la \u00eenceputul sec\u021biunii orizontale a conductei de evacuare de sub ma\u0219in\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Acest aspect poate fi recunoscut numai printr-o inspec\u021bie am\u0103nun\u021bit\u0103 a fe\u021bei inferioare a ma\u0219inii sau dintr-un catalog de piese.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Filtru particule pentru motoare pe benzin\u0103 – Cu toate acestea, este mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u0219i mai practic s\u0103 plasa\u021bi filtrul c\u00e2t mai aproape de motor, adic\u0103 vertical \u00een spatele colectorului de evacuare \u0219i a turbocompresorului (dac\u0103 ma\u0219ina are unul, ceea ce este \u00een majoritatea cazurilor). \u00cen acest caz, filtrul este plasat \u00eentr-un pachet comun cu catalizatorul \u0219i \u00eenlocuie\u0219te catalizatorul de oxidare existent. Un astfel de aranjament se nume\u0219te uneori cGPF (filtru \u00eenchis de funingine) \u0219i asigur\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lzirea rapid\u0103 \u0219i u\u0219oar\u0103 a filtrului la temperatura de func\u021bionare. Un profan nu are nicio \u0219ans\u0103 s\u0103-l recunoasc\u0103 – cu excep\u021bia cazului \u00een care examineaz\u0103 cablajul senzorului \u00een detaliu sau observ\u0103 conductele care duc la senzorul de presiune diferen\u021bial\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Designerii au folosit fitre cGPF, de exemplu, au modernizat <\/span><\/span><\/span>VW Golf<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> cu un motor 1.0 TSI, \u00een acela\u0219i mod a procedat \u0219i <\/span><\/span><\/span>Fiat<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0la noile motoare turbo de 1,0 \u0219i 1,3 litri, <\/span><\/span><\/span>Ford Focus<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span><\/span>Kia Ceed<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> sau <\/span><\/span><\/span>Renault<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> la noua genera\u021bie a acestora de motoare pe benzin\u0103.\u00a0Micul avantaj este c\u0103 aceast\u0103 arhitectur\u0103 \u00eei oblig\u0103 pe ingineri s\u0103 se ocupe eficient de alte p\u0103r\u021bi – folosind colectoare de evacuare compacte r\u0103cite cu ap\u0103 \u0219i plas\u00e2nd turbocompresorul c\u00e2t mai aproape de motor.\u00a0Acest lucru aduce avantaje suplimentare \u00een munca practic\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a> Designul compact este tipic pentru cGPF, fiind r\u0103spunsul la \u00eentrebarea de care mul\u021bi oameni interesa\u021bi de o ma\u0219in\u0103 nou\u0103 pe benzin\u0103 se \u00eengrijoreaz\u0103.\u00a0Filtrul de particule diesel va arde aproape \u00eentotdeauna \u00een mod natural \u00een apropierea motorului, durata de via\u021b\u0103 a acestuia ar trebui s\u0103 fie egal\u0103 cu convertorul catalitic cu trei c\u0103i obi\u0219nuit \u0219i, dac\u0103 are loc o \u00eenlocuire a cGPF, costul \u0219i efortul de \u00eenlocuire vor fi comparabile cu catalizatorii existen\u021bi.\u00a0P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, cGPF poate fi distrus numai dac\u0103 \u0219oferul ignor\u0103 consumul excesiv de ulei.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nu ne putem lipsi de el<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De fapt, prezen\u021ba unui filtru de funingine \u00eentr-o ma\u0219in\u0103 cu benzin\u0103 este singurul dezavantaj practic.\u00a0Conform primei experien\u021be, ma\u0219inile echipate cu GPF nu \u201eaccelereaz\u0103\u201d a\u0219a cum suntem obi\u0219nui\u021bi – \u00een special modurile tranzitorii, c\u00e2nd \u0219oferul are nevoie de o accelera\u021bie brusc\u0103 dup\u0103 o c\u0103l\u0103torie lin\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, trebuie avut \u00een vedere faptul c\u0103 standardele Euro 6c \u0219i 6d impun acum ca autoturismul real (testul RDE) s\u0103 nu dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 emisiile m\u0103surate de oxizi de azot \u0219i particule de peste 2,1 ori.\u00a0\u00cen aceste condi\u021bii, nu este posibil s\u0103 se injecteze c\u00e2t de mult combustibil poate arde \u00een motor pentru a atinge puterea necesar\u0103, dar totul trebuie s\u0103 fie atent monitorizat \u0219i dozat.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Datorit\u0103 temperaturii de evacuare mai ridicate \u0219i a principiului de ardere diferit, filtrul de particule de funingine din motoarele pe benzin\u0103 este cur\u0103\u021bat continuu \u00een condi\u021bii normale.\u00a0Spre deosebire de motorin\u0103, regenerarea nu necesit\u0103 o cre\u0219tere a dozei de combustibil, deci nu exist\u0103 pericolul dilu\u0103rii uleiului cu benzin\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2075,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-auto"],"yoast_head":"\nFiltru particule pentru motoare pe benzin\u0103 - Regenerarea, opusul DPF<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Filtru particule pentru motoare pe benzin\u0103 - Spre deosebire de motorin\u0103, regenerarea nu necesit\u0103 o cre\u0219tere a dozei de combustibil.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/filtru-de-particule-pentru-motoare-pe-benzina\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Filtru particule pentru motoare pe benzin\u0103 - 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