{"id":2062,"date":"2021-10-20T12:51:04","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T10:51:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/?p=2062"},"modified":"2021-10-20T12:51:04","modified_gmt":"2021-10-20T10:51:04","slug":"bujii-auto-bujiile-pentru-ce-sunt-bujiile-care-este-scopul-lor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/bujii-auto-bujiile-pentru-ce-sunt-bujiile-care-este-scopul-lor\/","title":{"rendered":"Bujiile &#8211; Pentru ce sunt bujiile, care este scopul lor?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2063 size-full\" style=\"color: #dedede; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: medium;\" src=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/bujii-masina.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/bujii-masina.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/bujii-masina-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/bujii-masina-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/autochelu.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/bujii-masina-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #dedede;\">Bujii auto<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00cen ianuarie 2002, s-au \u00eemplinit o sut\u0103 de ani de c\u00e2nd Robert Bosch a brevetat prima bujie care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu un sistem de aprindere magnetic\u0103 de \u00eenalt\u0103 tensiune.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00cen 1902, au fost produse doar 300, \u00een timp ce circula\u021bia actual\u0103 este de peste 350 de milioane de lum\u00e2n\u0103ri pe an.\u00a0\u00centr-o sut\u0103 de ani de produc\u021bie, Bosch a dezvoltat peste 20.000 de tipuri diferite \u0219i a produs peste 7,5 miliarde buc\u0103\u021bi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Motoarele pe benzin\u0103\u00a0sunt\u00a0motoare de\u00a0sincronizare cu aprindere extern\u0103 care traduc energia chimic\u0103 a combustibilului \u00een cinetic, adic\u0103\u00a0energie mecanic\u0103, pentru a efectua anumite lucr\u0103ri.\u00a0\u00cen acestea, sistemul de alimentare cu combustibil formeaz\u0103 un amestec de aer \u0219i combustibil chiar \u00eenainte de a intra \u00een camera de ardere.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Amestecul este aspirat \u00een camer\u0103 prin subpresiunea creat\u0103 de pistonul care se deplaseaz\u0103 spre punctul mort inferior.\u00a0O temporizare a aprinderii definit\u0103 extern (spre deosebire de autoaprinderea motorinei) aprinde amestecul peste bujie pentru un moment \u00eenainte ca pistonul s\u0103 intre \u00een punctul mort superior (GMT) \u0219i astfel \u00eencepe procesul de ardere.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Procesul are loc \u00een timpul celei de-a treia curse, singura curs\u0103 de lucru pentru motoarele cu combustie intern\u0103 \u00een patru timpi.\u00a0Dup\u0103 ce o bujie aprinde un amestec de aer \u0219i combustibil, temperatura cre\u0219te ca urmare a arderii amestecului.\u00a0Presiunea din cilindru cre\u0219te \u0219i \u00eempinge pistonul spre punctul mort inferior (DMT), transfer\u00e2nd lucrarea prin tija pistonului la arborele cotit.\u00a0Aceast\u0103 lucrare este disponibil\u0103 \u0219oferului sub forma puterii motorului, care cre\u0219te odat\u0103 cu cre\u0219terea tura\u021biei motorului.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Aprinderea se face printr-o sc\u00e2nteie electric\u0103, mai precis prin energia pe care o posed\u0103.\u00a0Sistemul de aprindere genereaz\u0103 tensiune ridicat\u0103 (peste 30.000 vol\u021bi) \u00een anumite momente, ceea ce creeaz\u0103 o sc\u00e2nteie \u00eentre electrozii bujiilor din camera de ardere.\u00a0Aceast\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103 tensiune este generat\u0103 \u00een bobina transformatorului.\u00a0\u00cen autoturismele actuale, se folose\u0219te un sistem de aprindere cu energie acumulat\u0103 inductiv.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Bujii auto &#8211; Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 o tensiune suficient de mare, sc\u00e2nteia sare \u00eentre electrozii bujiei. \u00cen momentul aprinderii, tensiunea dintre electrozii bujiei cre\u0219te foarte rapid p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een momentul sc\u00e2nteii. Dup\u0103 ce a s\u0103rit sc\u00e2nteia, tensiunea dintre electrozi scade la o anumit\u0103 valoare numit\u0103 <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>tensiune sc\u00e2nteie<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.\u00a0Timpul care trece de la momentul cre\u0103rii sc\u00e2nteii p\u00e2n\u0103 la dispari\u021bia sa se nume\u0219te\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>durata sc\u00e2nteii<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.\u00a0O alt\u0103 \u00eentrebare cu r\u0103spuns aici este: de ce este necesar ca sistemul de aprindere s\u0103 genereze o tensiune mai mare de 30.000 vol\u021bi dac\u0103 tensiunea de avarie este mai mic\u0103 de 15.000 vol\u021bi?\u00a0R\u0103spunsul este \u00een esen\u021b\u0103 foarte simplu: \u00een timp, distan\u021ba dintre sc\u00e2ntei \u00eentre electrozi cre\u0219te din cauza uzurii bujiei, ceea ce duce inevitabil la o cre\u0219tere a tensiunii de rupere.\u00a0Diferen\u021ba dintre tensiunea disponibil\u0103 \u0219i cea de avarie se nume\u0219te\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>rezerv\u0103 de tensiune de aprindere<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.\u00a0Este necesar ca la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul duratei de via\u021b\u0103 a vehiculului (motorului), sistemul s\u0103 poat\u0103 crea toate condi\u021biile necesare pentru formarea unei sc\u00e2ntei, adic\u0103 pentru aprinderea amestecului.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Cerin\u021bele privind bujii auto<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Cerin\u021bele bujiei sunt extreme: este expus la schimb\u0103ri periodice ale procesului \u00een camera de ardere \u0219i \u00een afara motorului.\u00a0Este supus a patru tipuri de cerin\u021be: electric\u0103, mecanic\u0103, chimic\u0103 \u0219i temperatur\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Cerin\u021bele electrice implic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 niciun arc electric nu poate fi omis sau c\u0103 electricitatea poate fi t\u0103iat\u0103 prin izolator.\u00a0Rezisten\u021ba electric\u0103 a izolatorului trebuie s\u0103 fie satisf\u0103c\u0103toare la o temperatur\u0103 de 1000\u00b0 Fahrenheit \u0219i nu trebuie schimbat\u0103 \u00een timpul duratei de via\u021b\u0103 a bujiei.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Cerin\u021bele mecanice \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 bujia trebuie s\u0103 reziste la presiuni ridicate (p\u00e2n\u0103 la 50 bar) care apar periodic \u00een camera de ardere \u0219i, prin urmare, trebuie s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 etan\u0219e la gaz pentru \u00eentreaga perioad\u0103 de func\u021bionare.\u00a0\u00cen plus, este necesar\u0103 o rezisten\u021b\u0103 mecanic\u0103 ridicat\u0103 a tuturor pieselor din \u00eembinare, \u00een special a corpului ceramic \u0219i metalic al bujiei.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Cerin\u021bele chimice pentru v\u00e2rful bujiei trebuie s\u0103 fie complet satisf\u0103cute, deoarece acea parte detecteaz\u0103 \u00een mod direct procesul de ardere care poate determina \u00eenc\u0103lzirea \u0219i, prin urmare, expus proceselor chimice la temperaturi ridicate.\u00a0Dac\u0103 se atinge punctul de topire, componentele chimice agresive din combustibil sunt depuse pe bujie \u0219i pot schimba caracteristicile acestuia.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00cen conformitate cu cerin\u021bele de temperatur\u0103, se consider\u0103 c\u0103 bujia, adic\u0103 partea sa ceramic\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 o rezisten\u021b\u0103 termic\u0103 ridicat\u0103 la \u201e\u0219oc\u201d, deoarece la un moment dat va primi brusc c\u0103ldura gazelor de ardere fierbin\u021bi, iar la alta va fi expus\u0103 la un amestec rece de combustibil \u0219i aer.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Construc\u021bie bujii auto<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Bujia este format\u0103 din metal, ceramic\u0103 \u0219i sticl\u0103.\u00a0Proiectarea atent\u0103 a bujiilor are ca rezultat utilizarea pe deplin a propriet\u0103\u021bilor pozitive ale acestor materiale.\u00a0Cele mai importante p\u0103r\u021bi ale bujiei sunt firul de leg\u0103tur\u0103, izolatorul, corpul \u0219i electrozii.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Conductorul de conectare<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0este fabricat din o\u021bel \u0219i gaz etan\u0219 la izolator, turn\u00e2nd adeziv special \u00een spa\u021biul dintre ele.\u00a0Acest adeziv conductiv electric este o \u00eembinare cu electrodul central.\u00a0La cap\u0103tul s\u0103u care iese din izolator, conductorul de leg\u0103tur\u0103 are un filet de leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu o piuli\u021b\u0103 de leg\u0103tur\u0103 pentru conectarea la cablul de \u00eenalt\u0103 tensiune.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Izolator<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0este fabricat din ceramic\u0103 special\u0103 \u0219i este destinat izol\u0103rii electrodului central \u0219i a conductorului de conectare de corpul bujiei.\u00a0Pentru o mai bun\u0103 prevenire a pierderilor de curent, exist\u0103 cinci ad\u00e2ncituri pe izolator.\u00a0Acestea servesc la cre\u0219terea suprafe\u021bei pe care trec pierderile de curent.\u00a0Datorit\u0103 acestor caneluri, nu exist\u0103 \u00eentreruperi nedorite ale curentului electric chiar \u0219i \u00een condi\u021bii extreme de conducere.\u00a0\u00cen caz contrar, izolatorul este folosit ca suport at\u00e2t pentru electrodul central, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru conductorul de conectare.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Corpul<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> este fabricat din o\u021bel \u0219i este conceput pentru a fixa bujia de chiulas\u0103.\u00a0Suprafa\u021ba corpului este acoperit\u0103 electric cu nichel pentru protec\u021bia \u00eempotriva coroziunii, pentru a men\u021bine firul liber \u0219i pentru a preveni \u00eenfundarea acestuia, \u00een special \u00een capetele motorului din aluminiu.\u00a0\u00cen func\u021bie de condi\u021biile de instalare, bujia poate fi furnizat\u0103 cu un inel de etan\u0219are sau con.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Bujii auto &#8211; Electrod<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>uzura<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> sub ac\u021biunea eroziunii (cauzat\u0103 de sc\u00e2ntei de aprindere) \u0219i a coroziunii (influen\u021be chimice \u0219i termice).\u00a0Uzura lor duce la o cre\u0219tere a tensiunii de avarie, adic\u0103\u00a0pentru a reduce rezerva de tensiune.\u00a0Electrodul masei este ata\u0219at la corpul bujiei \u0219i are o form\u0103 \u00eendoit\u0103 dreptunghiular\u0103.\u00a0Poate fi realizat ca fa\u021b\u0103 sau ca lateral, \u00een func\u021bie de pozi\u021bia sa \u00een raport cu electrodul central.\u00a0Prin sub\u021bierea profilului electrodului de mas\u0103, precum \u0219i prin plasarea mai multor electrozi de mas\u0103, durata de via\u021b\u0103 a bujiei este extins\u0103 semnificativ.\u00a0Electrodul central este fixat etan\u0219 la gaz \u00eentr-un izolator cu un adeziv special conductor electric.\u00a0Are un diametru ceva mai mic dec\u00e2t deschiderea v\u00e2rfului izolatorului datorit\u0103 expansiunii datorate \u00eenc\u0103lzirii.\u00a0Materialul cel mai frecvent utilizat pentru realizarea electrodului central al bujiilor obi\u0219nuite este cuprul (pentru fabricarea miezului) \u0219i aliajul de nichel (pentru realizarea \u00eenveli\u0219ului din jurul miezului).\u00a0Materialele speciale utilizate \u00een acest scop sunt argintul \u0219i platina, dar \u00een acest caz electrodul are un diametru mult mai mic.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Decalajul dintre electrozi este cea mai mic\u0103 distan\u021b\u0103 dintre electrodul central \u0219i electrodul de mas\u0103 \u0219i, ca atare, este o m\u0103sur\u0103 a lungimii c\u0103ii sc\u00e2nteii.\u00a0Cu c\u00e2t este mai mic decalajul, cu at\u00e2t este mai mic\u0103 tensiunea de avarie necesar\u0103.\u00a0De obicei, aceast\u0103 valoare variaz\u0103 de la 0,7-1,1 mm pentru motoarele cu carburator, \u00een timp ce pentru sistemele electronice de injec\u021bie \u0219i aprindere a combustibilului aceast\u0103 valoare variaz\u0103 de la 1,1-1,8 mm.\u00a0Pozi\u021bia electrodului este determinat\u0103 de tipul de spa\u021biu.\u00a0Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 tipuri:\u00a0sc\u00e2nteie de\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">aer<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> c\u00e2nd electrodul de mas\u0103 este \u00een fa\u021ba electrodului central \u0219i\u00a0sc\u00e2nteie\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">superficial\u0103<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> c\u00e2nd unul sau mai mul\u021bi electrozi de mas\u0103 sunt situa\u021bi pe partea electrodului central.\u00a0Astfel, pozi\u021bia sc\u00e2nteii corespunde pozi\u021biei spa\u021biului dintre electrozii bujiei.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Caracteristicile termice ale bujiei<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Lum\u00e2n\u0103rile\u00a0termice<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0sunt o m\u0103sur\u0103 a sarcinii termice a bujiei (motorului) \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 corespund\u0103 caracteristicilor bujiei (motorului).\u00a0Acest termen este crucial pentru alegerea bujiei potrivite pentru un singur motor.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Temperatura de func\u021bionare<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0a bujiei este temperatura pe care o atinge bujia \u00een timpul func\u021bion\u0103rii motorului \u0219i reprezint\u0103 echilibrul dintre cantitatea de c\u0103ldur\u0103 primit\u0103 (din amestecul inflamat) \u0219i cantitatea de c\u0103ldur\u0103 transferat\u0103.\u00a0Acesta variaz\u0103 de la 400 &#8211; 850\u00b0 Fahrenheit.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Limita inferioar\u0103 este determinat\u0103 de cea mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 temperatur\u0103 de autocur\u0103\u021bare a bujiei din negru de fum \u0219i de carbon nebunat \u0219i cea superioar\u0103 de cea mai ridicat\u0103 temperatur\u0103 la care amestecul nu se va autoaprinde (datorit\u0103 contactului s\u0103u cu p\u0103r\u021bile \u00eenc\u0103lzite ale bujiei).\u00a0Principalul motiv pentru care acela\u0219i tip de bujie nu poate fi utilizat la toate motoarele const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103 motoarele cu putere mai mare elibereaz\u0103 mai mult\u0103 c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i au o temperatur\u0103 mai mare a camerei de ardere dec\u00e2t motoarele cu putere mai mic\u0103.\u00a0De aceea, exist\u0103, aproximativ vorbind, dou\u0103 tipuri de baz\u0103 de bujii, \u201e\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>calde<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0\u201d \u0219i \u201e\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>reci<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a0\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Bujii auto &#8211; Este important s\u0103 subliniem c\u0103 cea mai mare parte a c\u0103ldurii primite din camer\u0103 (aproximativ 80%) conduce bujia din partea superioar\u0103 a izolatorului prin inelul s\u0103u de etan\u0219are c\u0103tre corpul bujiei, de unde este transferat\u0103 \u00een continuare pe chiulas\u0103 printr-o conexiune filetat\u0103. \u00cen cazul unei bujii \u201efierbin\u021bi\u201d, v\u00e2rful izolatorului este \u00een contact maxim cu gazele fierbin\u021bi din camera de ardere. Se folose\u0219te cu motoare cu putere mai mic\u0103 deoarece (partea de sus) are nevoie de o cantitate mai mare de c\u0103ldur\u0103 pentru a se \u00eenc\u0103lzi \u0219i pentru a \u201eintra\u201d \u00een intervalul s\u0103u de temperatur\u0103 de func\u021bionare.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Cu bujiile \u201ereci\u201d, lucrurile stau chiar opus. Diferite lungimi ale v\u00e2rfului liber al izolatorului afecteaz\u0103 gama termic\u0103 diferit\u0103 a bujiei.\u00a0Pentru a clarifica despre ce bujie este vorba, gama de c\u0103ldur\u0103 este marcat\u0103 cu un num\u0103r numit\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>valoarea bujiei<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.\u00a0Numere mai mici de c\u0103ldur\u0103 (de exemplu, 2\u2026 4) \u00eenseamn\u0103 bujii \u201ereci\u201d cu un aport sc\u0103zut de c\u0103ldur\u0103 prin scurtcircuitul izolatorului, \u00een timp ce valori de c\u0103ldur\u0103 mai mari (de exemplu, 7\u2026 10) \u00eenseamn\u0103 bujii \u201efierbin\u021bi\u201d cu o c\u0103ldur\u0103 mare \u00een admisie prin v\u00e2rful lung al izolatorului.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Condi\u021bii anormale de func\u021bionare a bujiei<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"Bookmark\"><\/a> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Condi\u021biile anormale de func\u021bionare care pot ap\u0103rea \u00een timpul arderii amestecului, pot deteriora iremediabil motorul \u0219i bujia.\u00a0Aici ne referim la cele mai elementare anomalii cum ar fi: autoaprinderea unui amestec, adic\u0103 arderea sa detonativ\u0103.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Bujii auto &#8211; Autoaprinderea amestecului se datoreaz\u0103 supra\u00eenc\u0103lzirii locale (la \u00eenc\u0103rcare maxim\u0103) a v\u00e2rfului bujiei, a supapei de evacuare, a p\u0103r\u021bilor bombate a chiulasei, precum \u0219i a particulelor de sediment separate. Acesta este un proces de aprindere necontrolat \u00een care temperatura din camera de ardere poate cre\u0219te brusc pentru a provoca daune grave bujiilor \u0219i altor piese ale motorului.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 autoaprinderea NU este aceea\u0219i cu detonarea.\u00a0Detonarea este o ardere necontrolat\u0103 cu o cre\u0219tere foarte abrupt\u0103 a presiunii.\u00a0Este cauzat\u0103 de aprinderea spontan\u0103 a unor p\u0103r\u021bi ale amestecului care nu au fost \u00eenc\u0103 afectate de expansiunea spa\u021bial\u0103 a frontului fl\u0103c\u0103rii lum\u00e2n\u0103rii.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Arderea se realizeaz\u0103 de c\u00e2teva (zeci) ori mai repede dec\u00e2t arderea normal\u0103 (treptat\u0103).\u00a0Apar oscila\u021bii de presiune cu amplitudini foarte mari \u0219i frecven\u021b\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103.\u00a0\u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, are loc supra\u00eenc\u0103lzirea pieselor motorului.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Efectele deton\u0103rii asupra bujiei sunt vizibile sub form\u0103 de pic\u0103turi ale electrodului de mas\u0103.\u00a0Cauza principal\u0103 a acestei anomalii const\u0103 \u00een calitatea slab\u0103 a combustibilului (benzin\u0103).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Este sigur c\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021ba \u0219i tehnologia fabric\u0103rii bujiilor \u00een ultimii sute de ani au f\u0103cut un pas uria\u0219 c\u0103tre \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea motorului cu ardere intern\u0103.\u00a0Desigur, exist\u0103 mult mai multe tenta\u021bii \u0219i provoc\u0103ri \u00een fa\u021ba constructorilor, dar acestea apar\u021bin deja unui timp nou \u0219i unui nou capitol despre dezvoltarea bujiilor.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen ianuarie 2002, s-au \u00eemplinit o sut\u0103 de ani de c\u00e2nd Robert Bosch a brevetat prima bujie care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu un sistem de aprindere magnetic\u0103 de \u00eenalt\u0103 tensiune. \u00cen 1902, au fost produse doar 300, \u00een timp ce circula\u021bia actual\u0103 este de peste 350 de milioane de lum\u00e2n\u0103ri pe an.\u00a0\u00centr-o sut\u0103 de ani de produc\u021bie, Bosch a dezvoltat peste 20.000 de tipuri diferite \u0219i a produs peste 7,5 miliarde buc\u0103\u021bi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2063,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-auto"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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